Unit 5 - Waves/Vibration/Sound - Chapters 13 & 14
This is a new concept we are entering into, this is the tail end of "Classical Newtonian Physics" . Chapter 13 pertains to simple harmonic motion. This a key concept for AP Physics and not too terrible difficult. We have done Hooke's Law so you are familiar with springs, this chapter just adds a new dimension. Chapter 14 introduces the concepts of waves - something we will keep coming back to in the 2nd semester. The sound wave is the type stressed in this chapter but the properties of the traverse wave is taught . I will introduce the electro-magnetic wave here but there are several chapters coming up dealing just with that concept. Also this unit, I also will have you look at a more conceptual approach by using a chapter from Richard Muller's text Physics for Future President to understand how important waves are in everyday world.
AP Objectives Chapter 13
Objective 1: (Section 13.1-13.3) Simple harmonic motion (dynamics and energy relationships)
A. Students should understand simple harmonic motion, so they can:
1. Sketch or identify a graph of displacement as a function of time, and determine from such a graph the amplitude, period, and frequency
of the motion.
2. Write down an appropriate expression for displacement of the form Atsinw or Atcosw to describe the motion.
3. State the relations between acceleration, velocity, and displacement, and identify points in the motion where these quantities are zero
or achieve their greatest positive and negative values.
4. State and apply the relation between frequency and period.
5. State how the total energy of an oscillating system depends on the amplitude of the motion, sketch or identify a graph of kinetic or
potential energy as a function of time, and identify points in the motion where this energy is all potential or all kinetic
6. Calculate the kinetic and potential energies of an oscillating system as functions of time, sketch or identify graphs of these functions, and prove that the sum of kinetic and potential energy is constant.
Objective 2: (Section 13.4-13.5)- Mass on Spring
A. Students should be able to apply their knowledge of simple harmonic motion to the case of a mass on a spring, so they can:
1. Apply the expression for the period of oscillation of a mass on a spring.
2. Analyze problems in which a mass hangs from a spring and oscillates vertically
3. Analyze problems in which a mass attached to a spring oscillates horizontally.
Objective 3: (Section 13.6) The Pendulum
A. Students should be able to apply their knowledge of simple harmonic motion to the case of a pendulum, so they can:
1. Apply the expression for the period of a simple pendulum.
2. State what approximation must be made in deriving the period.
A. Students should understand simple harmonic motion, so they can:
1. Sketch or identify a graph of displacement as a function of time, and determine from such a graph the amplitude, period, and frequency
of the motion.
2. Write down an appropriate expression for displacement of the form Atsinw or Atcosw to describe the motion.
3. State the relations between acceleration, velocity, and displacement, and identify points in the motion where these quantities are zero
or achieve their greatest positive and negative values.
4. State and apply the relation between frequency and period.
5. State how the total energy of an oscillating system depends on the amplitude of the motion, sketch or identify a graph of kinetic or
potential energy as a function of time, and identify points in the motion where this energy is all potential or all kinetic
6. Calculate the kinetic and potential energies of an oscillating system as functions of time, sketch or identify graphs of these functions, and prove that the sum of kinetic and potential energy is constant.
Objective 2: (Section 13.4-13.5)- Mass on Spring
A. Students should be able to apply their knowledge of simple harmonic motion to the case of a mass on a spring, so they can:
1. Apply the expression for the period of oscillation of a mass on a spring.
2. Analyze problems in which a mass hangs from a spring and oscillates vertically
3. Analyze problems in which a mass attached to a spring oscillates horizontally.
Objective 3: (Section 13.6) The Pendulum
A. Students should be able to apply their knowledge of simple harmonic motion to the case of a pendulum, so they can:
1. Apply the expression for the period of a simple pendulum.
2. State what approximation must be made in deriving the period.
AP Objectives - Chapter 14 Sound
Objective 1: (Section 14.1-14.2 – 14.6) Traveling Waves
A. Students should understand traveling waves, so they can:
A. Students should understand the inverse-square law, so they can calculate the intensity of waves at a given distance from a source of
specified power and compare the intensities at different distances from the source.
Objective 3: (Section 14.8) Standing Waves
A. Students should be understand standing waves so they can:
1. Sketch possible standing wave modes for a stretched string that is fixed at both ends, and determine the amplitude, wavelength, and
frequency of such standing waves.
2. Describe possible standing sound waves in a pipe that has either open or closed ends, and determine the wavelength and frequency
of such standing waves.
Objective 4: (14.7) Superposition
A. Students should understand the principle of superposition, so they can apply it to traveling waves moving in opposite directions, and
describe how a standing wave may be formed by superposition.
A. Students should understand traveling waves, so they can:
- Sketch or identify graphs that represent traveling waves and determine the amplitude, wavelength, and frequency of a wave from such a graph.
- Apply the relation among wavelength, frequency, and velocity for a wave.
- Understand qualitatively the Doppler effect for sound in order to explain why there is a frequency shift in both the moving-source and moving-observer case.
- Describe reflection of a wave from the fixed or free end of a string.
- Describe qualitatively what factors determine the speed of waves on a string and the speed of sound.
A. Students should understand the inverse-square law, so they can calculate the intensity of waves at a given distance from a source of
specified power and compare the intensities at different distances from the source.
Objective 3: (Section 14.8) Standing Waves
A. Students should be understand standing waves so they can:
1. Sketch possible standing wave modes for a stretched string that is fixed at both ends, and determine the amplitude, wavelength, and
frequency of such standing waves.
2. Describe possible standing sound waves in a pipe that has either open or closed ends, and determine the wavelength and frequency
of such standing waves.
Objective 4: (14.7) Superposition
A. Students should understand the principle of superposition, so they can apply it to traveling waves moving in opposite directions, and
describe how a standing wave may be formed by superposition.