Unit 2 - Work & Energy
This is a 2 chapter unit - I have comprised the notes so that there isn't separation of chapters. The material weaves into the two chapters, therefore have decided to teach it as one chapter.
AP Objectives
Chapter 5
A. Students should be able to analyze situations in which a particle remains at rest, or moves with constant velocity, under the influence
of several forces.
B. Students should understand the relation between the force that acts on an object and the resulting change in the object’s velocity, so
they can: Sec. 5.1-5.2
Objective 1: Calculate, for an object moving in one dimension, the velocity change that results when a constant force F acts over a
specified time interval.
Objective 2: Determine, for an object moving in a plane whose velocity vector undergoes a specified change over a specified time
interval, theverage force that acted on the object.
C. Students should understand how Newton’s Second Law, , applies to an object subject to forces such as gravity, the pull of strings, or
contact forces, so they can: Sec. 5.3
Objective 1: Draw a well-labeled, free-body diagram showing all real forces that act on the object.
Objective 2: Write down the vector equation that results from applying Newton’s Second Law to the object, and take components of
this equation along appropriate axes.
D, Students should be able to analyze situations in which an object moves with specified acceleration under the influence of one or more
forces so they can determine the magnitude and direction of the net force, or of one of the forces that makes up the net force, such as
motion up or down with constant acceleration. Sec 5.3
E. Students should understand Newton’s Third Law so that, for a given system, they can identify the force pairs and the objects on which
they act, and state the magnitude and direction of each force. Sec. 5.4-5.7
F. Students should be able to apply Newton’s Third Law in analyzing the force of contact between two objects that accelerate together along
a horizontal or vertical line, or between two surfaces that slide across one another.Sec. 5.4-5.7
Chapter 6
A. Students should understand significance of the coefficient of friction, so they can: Sec. 6.1
Objective1: Write down the relationship between the normal and frictional forces on a surface.
Objective2: Analyze situations in which an object moves along a rough inclined plane or horizontal surface.
Objective3: Analyze under what circumstances an object will start to slip, or to calculate the magnitude of the force of static friction.
B. Students should know that the tension is constant in a light string that passes over a massless pulley and should be able to use this fact
in analyzing the motion of a system of two objects joined by a string. Sec, 6.3-6.4
C. Students should be able to solve problems in which application of Newton’s laws leads to two or three simultaneous linear equations
involving unknown forces or accelerations. Sec. 6.2
D. Students should understand the uniform circular motion of a particle, so they can:. Sec. 6.5
Objective1: Relate the radius of the circle and the speed or rate of revolution of the particle to the magnitude of the centripetal
acceleration.
Objective2: Describe the direction of the particle’s velocity and acceleration at any instant during the motion.
Objective3: Determine the components of the velocity and acceleration vectors at any instant, and sketch or identify graphs of these
quantities.
E. Analyze situations in which an object moves with specified acceleration under the influence of one or more forces so they can determine
the magnitude and direction of the net force, or of one of the forces that makes up the net force, in situations such as the following:
Sec 6.5
Objective1: Motion in a horizontal circle (e.g., mass on a rotating merry-go-round, or car rounding a banked curve).
Objective 2: Motion in a vertical circle (e.g., mass swinging on the end of a string, cart rolling down a curved track, rider on a Ferris
wheel).
A. Students should be able to analyze situations in which a particle remains at rest, or moves with constant velocity, under the influence
of several forces.
B. Students should understand the relation between the force that acts on an object and the resulting change in the object’s velocity, so
they can: Sec. 5.1-5.2
Objective 1: Calculate, for an object moving in one dimension, the velocity change that results when a constant force F acts over a
specified time interval.
Objective 2: Determine, for an object moving in a plane whose velocity vector undergoes a specified change over a specified time
interval, theverage force that acted on the object.
C. Students should understand how Newton’s Second Law, , applies to an object subject to forces such as gravity, the pull of strings, or
contact forces, so they can: Sec. 5.3
Objective 1: Draw a well-labeled, free-body diagram showing all real forces that act on the object.
Objective 2: Write down the vector equation that results from applying Newton’s Second Law to the object, and take components of
this equation along appropriate axes.
D, Students should be able to analyze situations in which an object moves with specified acceleration under the influence of one or more
forces so they can determine the magnitude and direction of the net force, or of one of the forces that makes up the net force, such as
motion up or down with constant acceleration. Sec 5.3
E. Students should understand Newton’s Third Law so that, for a given system, they can identify the force pairs and the objects on which
they act, and state the magnitude and direction of each force. Sec. 5.4-5.7
F. Students should be able to apply Newton’s Third Law in analyzing the force of contact between two objects that accelerate together along
a horizontal or vertical line, or between two surfaces that slide across one another.Sec. 5.4-5.7
Chapter 6
A. Students should understand significance of the coefficient of friction, so they can: Sec. 6.1
Objective1: Write down the relationship between the normal and frictional forces on a surface.
Objective2: Analyze situations in which an object moves along a rough inclined plane or horizontal surface.
Objective3: Analyze under what circumstances an object will start to slip, or to calculate the magnitude of the force of static friction.
B. Students should know that the tension is constant in a light string that passes over a massless pulley and should be able to use this fact
in analyzing the motion of a system of two objects joined by a string. Sec, 6.3-6.4
C. Students should be able to solve problems in which application of Newton’s laws leads to two or three simultaneous linear equations
involving unknown forces or accelerations. Sec. 6.2
D. Students should understand the uniform circular motion of a particle, so they can:. Sec. 6.5
Objective1: Relate the radius of the circle and the speed or rate of revolution of the particle to the magnitude of the centripetal
acceleration.
Objective2: Describe the direction of the particle’s velocity and acceleration at any instant during the motion.
Objective3: Determine the components of the velocity and acceleration vectors at any instant, and sketch or identify graphs of these
quantities.
E. Analyze situations in which an object moves with specified acceleration under the influence of one or more forces so they can determine
the magnitude and direction of the net force, or of one of the forces that makes up the net force, in situations such as the following:
Sec 6.5
Objective1: Motion in a horizontal circle (e.g., mass on a rotating merry-go-round, or car rounding a banked curve).
Objective 2: Motion in a vertical circle (e.g., mass swinging on the end of a string, cart rolling down a curved track, rider on a Ferris
wheel).